2agray wrote: 45's vs. 78's in sound? Yes, the 1950's 78's really do sound better after about 1953 or 54. They had FINALLY figured out how to record on them to get superior sound. The early 45's were very low in quality. The output of the music was low and tinny sounding. Compare a 78 of the exact same record to the 45 and you'll be astounded at the difference. That's why so many people collect the 78's from the mid to late 50's.
The problem here was not the quality of the record, but that the recording curves were not standardized. Different companies were using different recording curves before 1957, when the last of the American companies finally adopted the standard RIAA curve. Most of the companies were on the bandwagon by 1955, but there were some holdouts. MacGregor Records, maker of square dance calling records, continued using the old 78 curves into the 1960s, because the square dance calling systems still played the old curve.
78s and microgroove records were recorded with vastly different curves. The choice of the recording curve was based on playing time, noise reduction, and how the record would sound on the company's own phonographs. But if you can discern the recording curve used, you can equalize the playback for that curve. I have been doing this since the mid 1970s.
For 78s, there were a few common curves.
- Acoustic records came in many varieties, because each company's equipment was different.
- The early electrical recordings rolled off the bass at about 200 or 250 Hz to increase playing time.
- In 1937, English Decca (London) started boosting the treble by 6 dB at 10KHz in the ffrr curve.
- American companies added this boost, but in a different way, to form the American 78 curve. This led to the introduction of tone controls on phonographs.
- Columbia went even farther after World War II, boosting the treble by 16dB at 10 KHz and rolling off the bass at 300 Hz. These were the best sounding 78s, if your equipment could track them.
When the LP and the 45 appeared, a group of new curves appeared for the lower speed, vinyl recording medium, and finer grooves:
- Many manufacturers adopted the NAB broadcasting transcription curve for 33 rpm. It cut the bass starting at 500 Hz and boosted the treble by 16 dB at 10 KHz (all of these boosts and cuts except ffrr were 6 dB per octave).
- Columbia adopted the NAB transcription curve, but stopped the bass rolloff in the 50 Hz rumble region by more than NAB did, up to 20 dB. This became the Columbia LP curve.
Many consumer players could not track these records, so more curves appeared with less treble boost:
- The Audio Engineering Society (AES) produced a curve with a 400 Hz bass cut and a 12 dB boost at 10 KHz. These are easier on the playback equipment, but are more susceptible to noise.
- Various companies abandoned the NAB curve, coming up with various combinations of bass cut, treble boost, and rumble shelf filters. RCA developed the "New Orthophonic" curve in 1953. it became the RIAA curve. It is a compromise between the Columbia LP curve and the AES curve.
- European companies used less bass cut and treble boost than US companies. Europe did not standardize on the IEC (RIAA) curve until 1964. A couple of companies continued to use 78 curves for 33 and 45 records. One Soviet Union company was still using the 78 curves until 1975.
- English Decca (London in the US) created an ffrr curve for 33 rpm records that was the Columbia LP curve, but with a treble boost of only 10.5 dB.
- Most children's 78s continued to use 78 curves until they stopped making them.
- Most US companies switched over to RIAA for all three speeds by 1957, with 78s made of vinyl. The 78s made of shellac were still recorded using the American 78 or Columbia 78 curve, since it works better for shellac.
By the way, the 78 rpm speed was also a compromise, made necessary by electric motor driven players and the demands of the broadcast industry. It was a compromise of the 76 rpm used by Victor and the 80 rpm used by Columbia.